Ultrafiltration超滤(UF)
Ultrafiltration is a process whereby water is extracted from the electrocoat paint. Small amounts of dissolved impurities are also extracted by the ultrafiltration process. The material produced by the ultrafilter is referred to as ultrafiltrate or permeate.
超滤液是一个从电泳漆中提取“水”的工艺过程，超滤过程也可以分离出少量的可溶解性染质，借助超滤器滤出的液体称为超滤液或渗透液。
Ultrafiltration is a membrane process in which paint is caused to flow across the face of a special polymeric material. Pores in the membrane surface permit water in the paint to move through the membrane, leaving behind the other components of the paint.
超滤作用是膜分离过程，在此过程中使槽液流过一特殊的聚合材料表面，隔膜表面上的小孔能使漆液中的“水”通过隔膜，而漆液的其它组份被截留下来。
The extracted water can be used to rinse paint-coated objects, and the resulting "carry out paint" is returned to the paint bath. This technique, called "closed loop rinsing," aids significantly in making the electrocoat process economically feasible.
分离出来的“水”可以用来冲洗涂了电泳漆的工件，使“带出的漆”再返回电泳槽,这种技术称为“闭合回路冲洗”。这促使电泳涂装工艺更加经济可行。
Periodically, water-soluble contamination in the paint must be removed to maintain proper deposition characteristics and film properties. Ultrafiltration makes possible the purging of these impurities from the paint by sending the ultrafiltrate to drain. Water lost from the paint in this process is replaced with low-conductivity D.I. water.
电泳槽液中水溶性污染物必须定期排除以维持正常的电沉积特性及漆膜性能。靠排放超滤液可使漆液得到净化。排放过程中“水”的损失量可用低电导的去离子水代替。
Periodically, some of these pores are blinded with components of the paint or contaminants, reducing the efficiency of water extraction. When this condition occurs, the membrane must be cleaned. Ultrafilter manufacturers specify particular cleaning procedures for their units. Cleaning is recommended when the output decreases to approximately 70% of the designed capacity.
一定周期后，超滤膜上的小孔会被漆液组份或污染物堵塞，使“水”的分离效率降低，这时，必须对隔膜进行清洗。各超滤装置制造厂对其装置都有专门的清洗规程，当超滤液输出流量减少到大约为设计能力的70%时，就要进行清洗。
All ultrafilter cleaning procedures should follow these simplified steps:
所有超滤装置的清洗规程都应遵循下列步骤：
Flush paint from the ultrafilter with fresh D.I. water, returning it to the paint bath.
用新鲜去离子水将涂料由超滤器冲回电泳槽中。
Circulate a special cleaning solution (a mixture of surfactant, solvent, and organic (acid) through the membranes for a specified time at a specified temperature. This chemical cleaning solution is specified by the manufacturer of the ultrafiltration membrane.
用专用清洗液（表面活性剂，溶剂及有机酸的混合物）在规定时间和温度条件下循环通过隔膜进行清洗，这种化学清洗液是由超滤液膜供应商提供。
Flush cleaning solution from the ultrafilter with D.I. water and return paint to the unit.
用去离子水冲洗超滤器中的清洗液后，使漆液再返回超滤装置重。
Cleaning solutions are hazardous and corrosive. Extreme caution must be employed when handling these materials, and they should be properly disposed of after use. All sections of the ultrafiltrate system which have been in contact with the cleaning solution should be constructed of plastic or stainless steel to prevent attack by the cleaning chemicals. Mild steel in this system will dissolve and contaminate the membranes with iron, resulting in reduced efficiency even after cleaning and therefore should not be used.
清洗液有害且有腐蚀性，操作这些材料时要特别小心，应当采用高级别的防护。清洗液使用后要妥善处理。能与清洗液接触的所有部份都要用 塑料或不锈钢制成，以防止清洗用化学品侵蚀。普通钢在系统中会溶解，铁离子会污染超滤膜，导致在清洗后超滤效果也不好，甚至要更换超滤元件。
Ultrafilter systems should have temperature sensors which can shut down the system at a prescribed high-temperature limit. Ultrafilter membrane sytems are damaged by excessive heat.
超滤系统要有温度传感器，可以在规定的高温极限时使系统停车，过热会损坏超滤膜。
Ultrafilter membranes (i.e., tubes, cartridges, or plates) leaking paint should be isolated and replaced to prevent contamination of the permeate. Permeate should be clear for best rinsing efficiency.
超滤器隔膜系统（即管，筒或板）漏漆时，要采取隔离更换措施，以防止渗透液被污染。渗透液应保持透明才能取得最佳效果。
Clear permeate is required if horizontal pumps are used, since pigments from the paint will damage double mechanical seals.
如果使用卧式泵，也需要清洁的渗透液，否则漆液中的颜料会损坏机械。
